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Bibliografia

INFIAMMAZIONE DI TIPO 2

Fisiopatologia e prevalenza

Gandhi NA et al. Targeting key proximal drivers of type 2 inflammation in disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016;15(1):35-50.
Robinson D et al. Revisiting Type 2-high and Type 2-low airway inflammation in asthma: current knowledge and therapeutic implications. Clin Exp Allergy. 2017;47(2):161-175.
Global Initiative for Asthma. Diagnosis and Management of Difficult-to-treat and Severe Asthma in adolescent and adult patients. v2.0 April 2019, Pocket Guide.
Peters MC et al. Measures of gene expression in sputum cells can identify TH2-high and TH2-low subtypes of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014 Feb;133(2):388-94.
Gauthier M et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015 Sep 15;192(6):660-8.
Chung KF. Targeting the interleukin pathway in the treatment of asthma. Lancet. 2015 Sep 12;386(9998):1086-96.
Fahy JV. Nat Rev Immunol. 2015 Jan;15(1):57-65.

Meccanismi molecolari

Marker infiammazione di tipo 2

Cascata infiammatoria

COMORBIDITÀ

Comorbidità di tipo 2

Rinosinusite cronica con poliposi nasale

Kato A. Immunopathology of chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergol Int. 2015 Apr;64(2):121-30.
Schleimer RP. Immunopathogenesis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyposis. Annu Rev Pathol. 2017;12:331-357.
Ceylan E et al. Nasal polyps and the severity of asthma. Respirology. 2007 Mar;12(2):272-6.
Chaaban MR et al. Epidemiology and differential diagnosis of nasal polyps. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2013;27(6):473-478.
Hulse KE et al. Pathogenesis of nasal polyposis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2015 Feb;45(2):328-46.
Chung KF. Targeting the interleukin pathway in the treatment of asthma. Lancet. 2015 Sep 12;386(9998):1086-96.
Gandhi NA et al. Targeting key proximal drivers of type 2 inflammation in disease Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016;15(1):35-50.
Dietz de Loos DA, et al. Symptoms in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps. Laryngoscope. 2013 Jan;123(1):57-63.
Yamada T et al. Eotaxin-3 as a Plasma Biomarker for Mucosal Eosinophil Infiltration in Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Front Immunol. 2019 Feb 4;10:74.
Robinson D et al. Revisiting Type 2-high and Type 2-low airway inflammation in asthma: current knowledge and therapeutic implications. Clin Exp Allergy. 2017 Feb;47(2):161-175.
Corren J et al. Dupilumab Efficacy in Patients with Uncontrolled, Moderate-to-Severe Allergic Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020 Feb;8(2):516-526.
McGregor MC et al. Role of Biologics in Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Feb 15;199(4):433-445.
Takabayashi T et al. Excessive fibrin deposition in nasal polyps caused by fibrinolytic impairment through reduction of tissue plasminogen activator expression. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013 Jan 1;187(1):49-57.
Stevens WW et al. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin lmmunol Pract 2016;4(4):565-572.
Akdis CA et al. Endotypes and phenotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis: a PRACTALL document of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. J Allergy Clin lmmunol 2013;131(6):1479-1490.
Khan A et al. The Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GALEN rhinosinusitis cohort: a large European cross-sectional study of chronic rhinosinusitis patients with and without nasal polyps. Rhinology. 2019;57(1):32-42.
Langdon C, Mullol J. Nasal polyps in patients with asthma: prevalence, impact, and management challenges. J Asthma Allergy 2016;9:45-53.
Bachert C et al. ICON: chronic rhinosinusitis. World Allergy Organ J 2014;7(1):25.
Head K et al. Short-course oral steroids alone for chronic rhinosinusitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016;4:CD011991.
Fokkens WJ et al. European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2012. Rhinol Suppl 2012;50(23):1-298.
Vaidyanathan S et al. Treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis with oral steroids followed by topical steroids. Ann Intern Med 2011;154(5):293-302.
Van Zele T et al. Differences in initial immunoprofiles between recurrent and nonrecurrent chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2014;28(3):192-198.
Stevens WW et al. Clinical characteristics of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, asthma, and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. J Allergy Clin lmmunol Pract 2017;5(4):1061-1070. 8.
De Greve G et al. Endotype‑driven treatment in chronic upper airway diseases. Clin Transl Allergy. 2017 Jul 12;7:22.
xAIFA - Farmaci biologici. Da: https://www.aifa.gov.it/farmaci-biologici [Ultimo accesso: settembre 2020].x
ISS - Farmaco chimico. Da: https://www.iss.it/farmaco-chimico. [Ultimo accesso: settembre 2020].
EMA - Medicinali biosimilari nell'UE - Guida informativa per gli operatori sanitari. Da: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/leaflet/biosimilars-eu-information-guide-healthcare-professionals_it.pdf [Ultimo accesso: settembre 2020].
Foltz IN et al. Evolution and Emergence of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies. Circulation. 2013 Jun 4;127(22):2222-30.
Fokkens WJ et al. European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020. Rhinology. 2020 Feb 20;58(Suppl S29):1-464.

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